Journal SJI : A Combination of Hill Cipher and LSB for Image Security

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Proceeding : KOMBINASI LSB-RSA UNTUK PENINGKATAN IMPERCEPTIBILITY PADA KRIPTO-STEGANO GAMBAR RGB

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Journal BEEI : Triple layer image security using bit-shift, chaos, and stream encryption

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Jounal IOP : Shallot Quality Classification using HSV Color Models and Size Identification based on Naive Bayes Classifier

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Proceeding ICOIACT : An Improve Image Watermarking using Random Spread Technique and Discrete Cosine Transform

Abstract: Watermarking is a powerful technique to protect copyright from cyber-crime. This study proposes a random spread technique based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to improve image watermarking performance. The use of the random spread technique is proven to be able to improve the output quality of the watermarked image, where the watermark image is increasingly invisible to the eye after being pinned on the cover image. Better PSNR and MSE values prove this, besides watermark security also increases indirectly because embedding techniques spread randomly.

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Jurnal ELKHA : UJI KETAHANAN IMAGE WATERMARKING DARI METODE CRT DENGAN DETEKSI TEPI CANNY UNTUK CITRA RABBANI

Abstract

One technique to obtain validity in protecting a brand is with a watermark, one of the watermark algorithms to provide the validity of a brand is the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) algorithm. In previous studies using the CRT method with canny edge detection has the ability that the watermark produced is almost similar to the original image and the results are quite good, the CRT method in canny edge detection can significantly improve the quality of the watermark image with an average of 0.99942. Whereas when given an image processing attack that is noise 'salt and pepper' and jpeg compression can maintain robustness with an average compression of 0.66187 and noise 0.940243. However, this method is not imperceptibility and robustness against Gaussian blur cropping, rotate 30 °, rotate 45 °, rotate 90 ° and rotate 180 ° where the average NC value away from 1. From the results of the research proposed the method tested has not been imperceptibility and robustness against Median Filter attacks, Contrast times 1.5, Contrast times 1.8, Scaling 359x359 pixels and Scaling 256x256 pixels where the average NC value is still away from 1. But in Median Filter and Scaling attacks 256x256 pixels indicate average results of extracted attacks can still be relatively identified with the naked eye even though the NC value generated does not approach 1.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series : Dual Security Method for Digital Image using HBV Encryption and Least Significant Bit Steganography

Abstract

This study proposes a combination of two security techniques, namely steganography and cryptography. The proposed steganography technique is LSB because it has advantages in data embedding capacity and message imperceptibility. The LSB technique is very simple and predictable, so to improve message security HBV encryption techniques are applied. HBV encryption is applied to the message before pinning it. HBV encryption is a combination of the Beaufort algorithm and Vigenere cipher so that the message security will be stronger. By combining HBV and LSB encryption, the message can be hidden properly, and its awake. Based on the experimental results, the encryption and embedding process can run well and produce good quality encryption and stego images. Similarly, the extraction and decryption process can run perfectly.

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Proceeding ICITACEE : A Comparative Study of Image Cryptographic Method

Abstract:

Cryptography is a technique that is widely used to secure data transactions, this technique has also been widely used to secure digital images. There are several cryptographic techniques that are widely used in digital imagery, such as Arnold Transform, Rivest Code 4 (RC4) and One-time pad (OTP). This research aims to compare the performance of these three techniques on digital images. Performance of each encryption method is measured using entropy, SSIM, NPCR, UACI, computation time and histogram analysis. While the decrypted image is measured by the correlation coefficient and computation time using tic toc function. Based on the test results can be concluded that Arnold transforms algorithm only do a scramble on the image based on a certain iteration, so that the entropy and histogram values remain the same as the original image, only visually the image looks random and meaningless. RC4 has an advantage on entropy value and should not require a very long key, so it does not have to be a special memory to store the key. While OTP has advantages in the fastest computing time, and also superior values in NPCR, UACI, and SSIM. A random key of the same size as the original image makes encryption hard to decrypt. Although the size of the key to making the algorithm must provide a larger space for key storage.

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Conference iSemantic 2018 : A Robust Non-Blind Image Watermarking Method Using 2-Level HWT-DCT

Abstract:

The current technology allows to distribute digital images quickly and easily over the internet. Some digital images have copyright that needs to be protected. Watermarking is a technique for protecting copyright. In order for copyright is not easily lost with image manipulation, then watermarking technique must be robust. This study proposes a combination of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based on two levels of the Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT) on image watermarking method with the aim of improving aspects of robustness and imperceptibility. The first step, host image is transformed with DWT as much as two levels to get LL2 subband. LL2 subband is a subband containing the image core information of two levels of wavelet transformation. Furthermore, LL2 subband split into small sub-blocks with the size of 4 * 4. The sub-blocks are transformed again using DCT. Insertion of watermarks using alpha variables with a certain value on the DC coefficient matrix. This value is used for managing the quality and strength of the watermark. To test the imperceptibility and watermark resistance used measuring instruments MSE, PSNR, and correlation coefficient. Based on the simulation results obtained a watermarked image is quite satisfactory with a relatively good imperceptibility value and resistant to various attacks.

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Jurnal IEEE : Hybrid Method using HWT-DCT for Image Watermarking

Astract- This paper proposed a hybrid method that had been solved both of these issues. We proposed a combination of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT) due to achieved imperceptibility and robustness comes from PSNR and NC value. Firstly, HWT applied in host image and then selected subband LL. LL subband will be divided into an 8x8 matrix in which each matrix was applied using DCT. Copyright embedded at the DC coefficient. In this paper we choose PSNR to measure the imperceptibility. Meanwhile, to measure the extracted copyright we used correlation coefficient. The results of this simulation method getting high PSNR value with an average of 43.2392 dB. Experiment results of extraction has tested using image watermarking attacks are JPEG compression, low pass filtering, mid filtering, unsharp filter, gaussian noise, cropingp, blurring, salt and pepper with the average value of the correlation coefficient of 0.8676. Our results proved that HWT-DCT has fulfilled the purpose of image watermarking, namely copyright protection. Keywords─ Haar Wavelet Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, PSNR, Correlation Coefficient, Image Watermarking

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Jurnal : PERLINDUNGAN HAK CIPTA PADA CITRA DIGITAL MENGGUNAKAN LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT BERBASIS DETEKSI TEPI CANNY

ABSTRAK

Watermarking merupakan salah satu ilmu penyembunyian data dengan tujuan untuk mengamankan citra, salah satunya yaitu copyright protection. Beberapa algoritma dalamwatermarking yang dikenal handal pada domain spasial salah satunya Least Significant Bit (LSB) yang diketahui telah diimplementasikan pada steganografi dan kriptografi. LSB mempunyai kelebihan dalam hal imperceptibility, dengan kata lain pada citra hasil embedding maupun extracting dengan citra asli tidak terdapat perbedaan secara kasat mata. Untuk meningkatkan imperceptibility ke dalam tingkat yang lebih tinggi maka LSB akan dikombinasikan dengan Canny. Kelebihan Canny yaitu tidak merubah persepsi dari citra yang diolah. Pada makalah ini, eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan citra grayscale berukuran 256x256 sejumlah masing-masing 4citra berformat *.bmp dengan pesan yang akan disisipkan berupa file *.txt. Hasil dari eksperimen menunjukkan nilai PSNR yang tinggi, dimana nilai PSNR hasil embedding dengan Canny hanya 53,8370 dB, sedangkan dengan mengimplementasikan LSB-Canny didapat nilai PSNR tertinggi 75,6510 dB. Perbedaan yang cukup jauh tersebut diakibatkan oleh penentuan lokasi embedding yang dilakukan oleh Canny. Perolehan nilai MSE yang mendekati 0 maka semakin bagus kualitas citra yang dihasilkan. NilaiMSE terbaik yang dihasilkan oleh LSB yaitu 0,2688 sedangkan pada LSB-Canny nilai MSE terbaik yaitu 0,0018.

Kata kunci: watermarking, LSB, canny, citra grayscale, PSNR.

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Proceeding : Hybrid Method using HWT-DCT for Image Watermarking

CITSM 2017 is the fifth annual conference in the general area of cyber and IT services management. It provides a forum for presenting and discussing the latest innovations, results and developments in cyber networks, pervasive systems, cloud environments, enterprise and IT related to service management. The conference provides a forum for ICT professionals engaged in research and development to share ideas, interact with others, present their latest works, and strengthen the collaboration among academics, researcher and professionals. It is a single track, highly- selective conference attended by foremost experts in this area from academia, industry and government.

Last conference (CITSM 2016) proceeding has been published on IEEE Xplore and Indexed by Scopus). This year, all accepted papers that presented in this conference will be submitted to IEEE Xplore and selected papers are published at one of the following 4 international journals (Scopus indexed) :International Journal of Web Information Systems (IJWIS), Journal of Mobile Multimedia (JMM), International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia (IJMCMC) and IJPCC with some revisions.

Paper id#48 : Hybrid Method using HWT-DCT for Image Watermarking

Abstract- This paper proposed a hybrid method that had been solved both of these issues. We proposed a combination of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT) due to achieved imperceptibility and robustness comes from PSNR and NC value. Firstly, HWT applied in host image and then selected subband LL. LL subband will be divided into an 8x8 matrix in which each matrix was applied using DCT. Copyright embedded at the DC coefficient. In this paper we choose PSNR to measure the imperceptibility. Meanwhile, to measure the extracted copyright we used correlation coefficient. The results of this simulation method getting high PSNR value with an average of 43.2392 dB. Experiment results of extraction has tested using image watermarking attacks are JPEG compression, low pass filtering, mid filtering, unsharp filter, gaussian noise, cropingp, blurring, salt and pepper with the average value of the correlation coefficient of 0.8676. Our results proved that HWT-DCT has fulfilled the purpose of image watermarking, namely copyright protection.

Keywords─ Haar Wavelet Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, PSNR, Correlation Coefficient, Image Watermarking

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